the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of pistacia vera on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in rat

background and objectives: most antiepileptic drugs that are commonly being used in the clinic have a wide range of unwanted side effects; while some species of pistachioshave been used in the traditional medicine to treat epilepsy. the aim of the present study was to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of pistacia vera l. in pentylenetetrazole (ptz)-induced chemical kindling. methods: this study was carried out on 40 male wistar rats. chemical kindling was induced by intraperitoneal administration of ptz (40 mg/kg) on every alternate day (30 days). the hydroalcoholic extract of p. vera (50 and 100 mg/kg) were administered orally every day (30 days). in days which animals received both ptz and extract, ptz was injected 30 min after extract administration. convulsive behavior was observed for 30 min after ptz injection and scored according to racine scale. diazepam was used as the reference anticonvulsant drug. results: pretreatment with 50 and 100 mg/kg of p. vera extract decreased seizure scores, stage 4 latency and stage 5 duration compared to the control group. the anti-epileptic effects of p. vera extract were comparable to diazepam. conclusion: the present findings demonstrated that the hydroalcoholic extract of p. vera may inhibit the development of seizure behavior following chronic ptz-induced model of epilepsy in rats.